Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Bullshit as a Politics of Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Bullshit as a Politics of Discourse - Essay Example 2). All throughout his paper, he argues that bullshit has been used in most cases and varies in purpose. Politically speaking, lying and truth can be an issue of public trust and affects the manner of governance. Bullshit can be used in both cases. The bullshit can be considered as a truth depending on the manner of rhetoric. At the same time, it is also a lie which becloud. It can be considered that bullshit is a mechanism of truth and lie. It can be about lying about a lie or lying about the truth. In these cases, it can be seen that the events of the past has made the American government appear to be bullshitting people for the purpose of telling an invented truth and denying the real truth by political manipulation and possibly after of their own personal agenda as well by making such falsified truth statement. How would this be possible, especially in connection to bullshit? This is the matter that I shall delve into in this paper. BODY Bullshit as a Threat to Society Can bullsh it be a threat towards society and the value of truth? Frankfurt mentioned that â€Å"bullshit is disconnected from a concern with truth†and is â€Å"untruthful†(Frankfurt 1986, p. 12). In a personal sense, this cannot be considered a threat because bullshitting can be considered as a pastime. ... Regarding the 9 / 11 attacks, a lot suspicion came from the people, abruptly criticizing the government for its lack of engagement with the truth regarding the matter. America, as one of the highly advance countries, a lot of people have been wary about the non – interception of the planes that have been â€Å"hijacked†supposedly (BBC 2011). The government, back then, has been arguing that it was the terrorists, particularly, the group of Osama Bin Laden, who has been responsible for such horrendous attack. However, upon thorough investigation by people who have been concerned about what has really happened, there is an assumption that the planes used are not powerful enough to ensure the crash of the World Trade Center (BBC 2011). Some have assumed that the government has played a role in this debacle. They could have been the ones who have implanted the bombs in the tower that paved way for its collapse (BBC 2011). However, the blame has been diverted to the terroris t as the government provided: an escape mechanism. Political Discourse as a Mechanism to Assess Bullshit Political discourse, in a simpler sense, would mean an interpolation of the roles and functions of political institutions in doing its roles and functions accordingly to service of the people especially for the leaders. In this case, truth has a crucial role because it serves as a bastion for democracy, transparency and accountability. The discourse on politics and truth provides a condition for assessment of certain actions of institutions, more importantly; the government where most of politicking and power hunger occurs that exemplifies a distortion of truth. Bullshitting, as a dangerous
Monday, October 28, 2019
Consumer Behavior When Purchasing A Car Marketing Essay
Consumer Behavior When Purchasing A Car Marketing Essay Imagine you are a consumer who is about to purchase a car. You may imagine it to be any consumer (male or female, in full time employment or student, married or single, old or young, rich or poor, children or no children, etc) but be sure to clearly state the personal characteristics you imagine this particular consumer to have. It may also be useful at this point to establish whether you are able to gain information on your imaginary chosen consumer (from sources such as Mintel) so that you have credible sources from which to base your report on. Please note that this consumer need not be you! Your report is expected to describe and explain the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and outline the consumer decision-making process as it relates to purchasing a car for this consumer. You should also discuss the relevance of the decision-making process to Marketers of cars in general and provide recommendations of how they can influence the stages of the decision-making process. Introduction The term consumer behavior includes the customers of specific goods and the people using the goods. It is usually used to refer to any human market behavior and use of products and services. Today, consumer behaviour is a multidisciplinary science that investigates not only the consumer decision-making process and the acquisition of product, but also the further activities of the consumer after the purchase of the product, such as using, evaluating and rejecting the product or service (Blackwell et al. 2001). In the present essay, the theory of consumer behavior and the consumer decision-making process will be examined together with the example of a 35 year old woman, married with one kid, living in a big city that wants to buy a car. The main features of consumer behavior To better understand consumer behavior, it should be taken into account the factors that most influence the decision-making process. These factor are the following: Consumer Behavior Incentives According to the definition given by Wilkie (1994) people buy and consume goods to satisfy their needs and desires. It could be said that consumer behavior is a behavior motivated to meet specific goals, needs and desires. In most cases though not all of the consumer behavior, people buy and consume goods as a means to satisfy some of the needs material and sometimes emotional. It should be noted that consumers motives are not always obvious to third parties and as a result the use of theories and conduct of researches are necessary for better understanding of consumer behavior. In the present example, the woman wants a car to go to work, pick up kids from school and go to super-market. These are her stated needs. The car marketer should find out the emotional needs of the particular customer. A part of consumer behavior derives purely from functional motives), such as when someone buys bricks to build a house, buys a car to satisfy transportation needs while another part of his/her behavior is stimulated by selfexpressive motives (Wilkie, 1994:), as when someone buys a gift for to thank a family member or buy a car to satisfy his prestige needs. Blackwell et al.(2001),in contrast with this position argue that the needs of consumers should not be divided into two major categories, but in subcategories that should include and explain better the different consumer needs. Some of these needs are the physiological needs, the need for health and safety (as it is the case of the car safe travels), love and companionship, the need of financial resources, the need for pleasure, the need for the creation of the social image of the individual (buying a specific car brand to enhance personal prestige), the need of possessing (everybody has a car) and the need of information (Blackwe ll et al. 2001:233-245). At this point it should be mentioned that most consumer behaviors wish to fulfill more than one target or needs, thus not only talking about one motive, but about a group of motives which motivates consumer behavior. In the present example, the groups of motives are transportation, social image and possession needs. In addition, while some motives may be visible to consumers and third parties, others may be more difficult to determine, for example when the decisions that should be taken are more complex and closely linked to the feelings of the consumer. The activities of consumer behavior The act of consuming cannot be addressed unilaterally. It should be taken into account the thoughts, feelings, plans, decisions, markets and experiences accumulated by the act of consumption. Certainly, a researcher of purchasing behavior who focuses on the act of consumption and does not consider it globally, may omit other equally important activities (advertising, opinions of others, collection of information, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, type of payment, product use, etc.) that are contained within it and they are equally important. These activities can be distinguished into deliberate and coincidental. For example, the activity of the decision of buying a product can be described in most cases as a deliberate consumer behavior as it is the case of the car where the consumer has to plan in advance the car purchase. On the other hand, when a consumer visits a store to buy a specific product in mind, s/he sees a multitude of other goods and not a few times he can buy some of these without having a plan. Such consumer behavior may be classified as impulsive. This differentiation is particularly useful to researchers of consumer behavior and advertisers, who understand the mechanisms of behavior more comprehensively (Wilkie: 1994). The process of consumer behavior The concept of process which includes various activity stages is a very useful approach to better understand consumer behavior. This process has three stages. The first stage of the activities of pro- buying could include the actions to select the product which is followed by the second stage of purchase of the product and finally the third stage of the after-purchase, which includes actions such as the depreciation of the product. The activities before buying the car could be search at auto-magazines, advertisement exposure etc., whereas at the third stage there could be activities like the evaluation of technical service etc. The treatment of consumer behavior as a process, stresses the importance of the stages that precede and follow the one of the purchase (Wilkie 1994:17), and gives guidelines to analyze the reason why a consumer makes specific purchases. Diversification of consumer behavior Two elements that could differentiate the consumer behavior of the individual are the the time and complexity of the decision. Time refers to when the decision is taken and the duration of the completion of the process. Complexity refers, in turn, to the number of activities involved in making a decision but also to the difficulty of this decision. Buying a car is a complex decision since it involves product and price comparison, ways of payment etc. Since it is a complex decision it is also time consuming. Relating these two concepts, it is understood that the more complex a decision is, the more time is needed for the decision. It is understandable that the more complex a decision is the greater will be the activities of the pre-purchase. In the present case, the activities could be talking to friends, look at car magazines, go to car exhibitions etc. Many times, however, the consumer to avoid a possible delay, which may lead to a not so profitable market s/he has not seen offers for the product so s/he acts with less detail than he could. In other words, s/he tries to simplify the decision-making process in the following ways (Wilkie:1994): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The consumer is not always looking for the best purchase, but for a good acceptable purchase. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ S/he is driven by information, advice and recommendations of third parties. The opinion of friends and family can play a significant role in the car buying decision. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ S/he trusts brands and stores purchased in the past and has remained satisfied with them. The salesman should check the previous brands purchased by the customer. Several times, the process of satisfying needs, is confronted with the simplification of the decision making process. As for example, the purchase of a relatively cheap product which should have the required by the consumer quality standards. Many consumers face such dilemmas, maintaining an agility on the purchasing process, therefore they can take advantage of these situations. Roles and Consumer Behavior A consumer in the decision process and after having made the decision,may have more than one roles, for example s/he can be the person that affects the final decision of the purchaser or user (influencer). S/he could be practicing these three roles at the same time as when shopping alone or when shopping only for himself. Consumer behavior, may influenced by others, so the role of the individual who affects the final decision may be played by people of the individuals wider social environment a friend / the family or otherwise it could be the salesman. In the present example this woman could be influenced by her husband in her decision. Moreover the role of the user in many cases could not be the purchaser and / or influencer, but a third person who will use the product purchased. It is understandable, that the possible combinations of these three roles could be outnumbered by those already mentioned, depending on the consumer, the external environment but also his personality. The woman, for example, may be influenced by her husband but she has her own personality thus she may choose the car brand that is more suitable to her. The roles of consumers mentioned above are born through social interactions. Very few purchases are made driven solely by the ego consciously or subconsciously peoples decisions take always into account their social circle. It is also important to note that the roles change during the lifetime of the consumer. For example, a child rarely can be an influencer and even more rarely buyer. The purchases of a childless young man usually involve himself, and a consumer with children buys largely for his family and certainly is influenced by the needs of other family members as it is the case in the present example. Extrinsic factors and Consumer Behavior It is a fact that the consumer is influenced by his/her environment, a fact that highlights the ability to adapt to different circumstances, depending always on the needs that should be met. This exogenous influence impacts on the consumer decision-making process. These factors are: Culture refers to beliefs, values and opinions shared by members of the society where people live and has a catalytic effect on peoples behavior during their life by putting limits in peoples understanding on which products and services are acceptable. The subcultures, are groups of people who belong in the broader context of culture and share similar values and attitudes. A subculture could be working women with children Some examples are those of gender, ethnicity, race, age and religion. Also, the social class that someone belongs to is a factor that may influence consumer behavior (Pinson Jolibert: 1998). Like what is his/her job, income and education level that s/he has. One of the main factors affecting the purchasing behavior is the family. Especially in Mediterranean societies, where the family institution is still strong, people are influenced by consumer habits as children and later as adults. The social surroundings and the reference groups to which people belong is an equally important factor, since everyday conversations and contacts affect consumer habits. For example, if someone play sports, s/he will definitely be affected by the advice of his/her coach regarding his/her dietary habits and clothes preferences. The external conditions such as inflation and unemployment or an illness in the family are factors that will determine the amount to be spent to purchase a product and when it is best to purchase a specific commodity. The marketing environment in conjunction with the presence at mass media is an area that in recent decades has gained immense power of influence in todays consumer. For example, usually the ads aim to influence consumer for a particular product of a certain brand, while the factor culture does not suggest specific brands but more goods for consumption. As stated by Peter and Olson, (1998), culture influences consumer behavior, which in turn may enhance the formulation and development of culture. Conclusion In the present essay ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ  Î ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ †°Ãƒ  Î ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ à ƒà †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ  Î ¹Ãƒ †Î ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î à  Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π±Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ  Î ¯Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ „à †°Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦. ÃŽÅ ¸ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Î ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ „ΠµÃƒ ʈ Ĉ „Π·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ à ƒà †° à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ data mining techniques ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ †¦Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ „à Å ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ „à  Î ± à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ à †¦Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ƒÎ µ ÃŽÂ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½  ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® à Œà „Î ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬Ãƒ  à ŒÎ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦. ÃŽÂ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ  Î ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±, ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ „ΠµÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ® à „Î ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à ƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ µ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ à „Î ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „à  à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  à Å ½Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¶ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ±Ãƒ Æ’Ã „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ® ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±. ÃŽÅ ¸ à  à ŒÎ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ à ƒÎ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ à Œà „Î ¹ à ƒà „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ „à †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒ Å’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π¬Ãƒ Æ’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ µÃƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à †¦Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ  à  Î ± ÃŽÂ ¿Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ Å’Ã „Πµ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚ à ƒà †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ  Î ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚. 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(1997), Consumer behavior: an overview of current approaches and issues, In European Perspectives on Consumer Behaviour, Edited by Lambkin, M, Foxall, G, Raaij F.V. and Heilbrunn, B, Prentice Hall Europe 1998. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Piron, F. (1991), Defining impulse purchasing, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 18, pp. 509-513. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reed, A.II. (2002), Social identity as a useful perspective for self-conceptbased consumer research, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 19 (3), March, pp. 235-266. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rifkin, J (1996), ÃŽÂ ¤ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ à „Î Î »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ  Î ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚: ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ´Ãƒ  à ƒÎ · à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ Å’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ  Î ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ´Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Î ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ „Π¬ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ‚, ΑΠ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±: ÃŽÂ £Ãƒ  Î ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ±Ã‚ » Α.Α. ΆºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ · à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roberts, A.J. and Manolis, C. (2000), Baby boomers and busters: an exploratory investigation of attitudes toward marketing advertising and consumerism, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 17, pp. 481-499. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roberts, A.J. and Mays, W.A. (2003), Generation Y has compulsive buying genes, source: www.applesforhealth.com/Mentalhealth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shoham, A. and Brencic, M. (2003), Compulsive buying behavior, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 20, No.2, pp. 127-138. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Solomon, M.R. (2002), Consumer behavior, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Statt, D.A. (1997), Understanding the consumer: a psychological approach, Houndmills: Macmillan Business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Stern, H. (1962), The significance of impulse buying today, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 26, April, pp. 59-63. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Toffler, A. (1970), Future shock, Toronto: Bantam Books. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wicklund, R.A. and Gollwitzer, P.M. (1982), Symbolic self-completion, Hillsade, NJ: Erlbaum. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wilkie, W.L. (1994), Consumer behavior, New York: John Wiley Sons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Williams, T.G. (2002), Social class influences on purchase evaluation criteria, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 9, No.13, pp. 249-276. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wood, M. (1998), Socio-economic status, delay of gratification and impulse buying, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 19, pp. 295-320. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Woodruffe, H. (1997), Compensatory consumption: why women go shopping when they are fed up and other stories, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 15/ 7, pp. 325-334.
Friday, October 25, 2019
a story :: essays research papers
A story about Chinese spirits From Classical Chinese Talkes of the Supernatural Summary: In this story Huang Yuan wakes up one morning to find a black dog guarding his house and acting like it belonged there. So Huang took the dog hunting with him and his friends. When they saw a deer, Huang let the dog loose but the dog ran too slowly and they were not able to catch the deer. Then the dog led them to a cave. After walking a bit inside the cave there were lots of trees in rows surrounded by a wall. The dog led Huang through the gate and there was a row of houses. He noticed that every single person in the ‘village’ were attractive well dressed girls. All of the girls were occupied in some sort of amusing leisurely activity: some were playing instruments and others were playing chess. After reaching the northern pavilion, Huang came across three rooms, there were two girls standing guard who smiled when they saw him as though they were expecting him. They said that the black dog had brought Miao-yin’s groom. One kept guard outside, the other went in and a few minutes later four maids came out. They told Huang that the Lady of Supreme Purity had this message for him: â€Å"I have a young daughter who has just pinned up her hair. According to a preordained decree, she should become your wife†(As noted in the footnotes, at 15 girls would pin up their hair to signify their coming of age). So Huang met Miao-yin in a magical looking room where he was impressed by her beauty and charm, they did the marriage vows and went to bed happily together that night. In a few days the groom wanted to go home to see his family and tell them what happened for a little while. His bride is sad b/c she lets him know that men and spirits have different ways of life and that they were not meant to be together for long. She lets him go, and tells him that the fact she will never see him again makes her love him all the more. She asked him that he show his feelings for her by fasting, purifying and making sacrifice on the first day of the third month. He was home before the end of one day after being escorted out of the cave by maids, however his memory was a little foggy.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
A Dinner Menu
Burton Dinner Menu Some of my favorite memories of childhood revolve around dinner time. I have a huge family so once a month everybody tries to get together at my grandfather's house for dinner. Everybody takes turns cooking. I love cooking big meals, so when I turned 16 my mother told me it was my turn to cook for everybody. Of course she helped me out a lot. I had decided to make one of my favorite dishes, Chicken Marsala! In todays world it is so hard for all of use to get together. People have work or school and sports.It's nice that once a month we all take the time to get together. I enjoy every minute of it. I decided to start out the meal with a homemade salad straight from the garden. First I had to pick a bunch of vegetables from my mother's garden to use. The vegetables I decided to use are romaine lettuce, baby tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, and carrots. I take the heads of lettuce and cut out the big chunky stem pieces. While I was doing that my mom diced the baby tomat oes, radishes, and cucumbers leaving the carrots for me because those are my favorite to cut.After the lettuce is cut and washed I move on to the carrots. I like the small slivers of them so I grab the grater and start on the carrots. A bag later and finally everything is cut and washed. Now comes the really fun part. I toss everything in the bowl and grab the huge spoon and fork meant for tossing the salad. My mom spins the bowl while I toss everything inside. Everything is topped with bacon bits and croutons. That goes into the fridge until everything is done. Now I get to start preparing the actual meal. I walk to the spice cabinet and start grabbing things I will need.I have to bring a basket with me to carry everything because the spice cabinet is in the upstairs kitchen. I toss the flour, olive oil, butter, the Marsala wine, chicken stock, salt and pepper, and dried chives. I walk to the fridge and grab the packages of chicken and the mushrooms. Once I get downstairs I grab a small bowl and mix the salt, pepper, and flour together. I put one teaspoon of oil in a skillet and put it on the stove and let it heat up slowly. I begin coating my chicken halves in the salt, pepper, and flour mixture, shaking off the excess.Once the il is heated I add a tablespoon of butter and start cooking the chicken until each side is golden brown. Usually that takes 3 or 4 minutes per-side. Once it is all cooked I put the chicken it in a pan and place that in the oven so it all stays warm. After that I put another teaspoon of butter in the pan I used to cook the chicken in, and toss the entire package of mushrooms into it. Once those have cooked for a few minutes I add the Marsala wine and chicken stock. I let that simmer for a bit so it thickens up a little. Once that is done I place the chicken back in the pan and toss in a pinch of ried chives.I let that cook on low heat for 5 minutes. I then grab out the plates and begin serving dinner. I place the big bowl ot salad in t he middle ot the table and we all take turns putting some on our plates. After dinner is done and cleaned up my mom and I start making the dessert, pumpkin spice cupcakes! I once again head upstairs with my trusty basket to grab all of my ingredients. I grab the flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, salt, baking powder, baking soda, white sugar, brown sugar, eggs, milk, eggs, cream cheese, confectioners' sugar, and vanilla extract.I walk downstairs trying to avoid the kids that keep running up and down the steps. I preheat the oven to 375 degrees and grease the cupcake tins. I sift together the flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, clove allspice, salt, baking powder, and baking soda and set it all aside. Next I Beat 1/2 cup of the butter, white sugar, and brown sugar with an electric mixer in a large bowl until it is all mixed together. I then add the eggs one at a time until they are all mixed in. After the last egg is added I stir in the milk and pumpkin puree.Slowly, I add ombine the dry mixture until everything is mixed together nicely. Finally the oven is preheated and I start scooping the cupcake mixture into the wrappers then into the tin. After 18 minutes they come out of the oven and are perfect! I set them all on a cooling rack and start on the cream cheese frosting. I beat the cream cheese and butter together while adding small amounts of confectioners' sugar until everything is mixed together and smooth. Then I add in the vanilla extract and one teaspoon of cinnamon. I transfer the frosting into a piping bag and decorate the cupcakes.Everybody rushes downstairs to get them while they are still warm. They smell amazing and taste even better. After everything was served and cleaned up we all sat down to relax and listen to my grandfather tell stories of his life growing up. Many of them we have all heard before, but none the less we sit and listen with intent. That one night a month is a day all of us look forward too. Family has always been important to all of us. These moments we all gather around the table to eat a home cooked meal, tell stories, and laugh are memories that I have and will always cherish.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Back in the closet
The main point of this essay is that even though free speech protects a lot of things it doesn’t protect every kind of â€Å"free†speech because there are boundaries when one is forced to look instead of given the choice to look or not. The author’s purpose in writing it is to show that she is in agreement with most of the foundational aspects of the American Constitution but that she, in a very patriotic way or even a humanist way does not believe that pornography should be protected by free speech.Her attitude is challenging to precisely pin down because she seems so loyal to what the supreme court ultimately decides. While it’s reasonable to believe that she favors making the distinction that pornography should not be protected because it expounds on a hatred of women and is too prevalent to be simply ignored, she leaves it to the courts to decide in the end. So we can say that she has the status of an invested concern that aims towards a neutral attem pt that allows for the judicial process to do its work.Some of her most provocative and supporting details are when she clearly outlines a difference in what was being protected by the free speech amendment. It shifts from the political to the violent, from political statements to personal biases and intense hatreds. While political statements can be very biased and members may share intense hatreds this often is not as explicit and in your face as pornography.A major component of pornography’s offensiveness lies in the growth of technology and how easy it is for people to make, distribute, and popularize things called pornography that used to be mostly hidden and not really talked about openly or as offensively. In our contemporary society there is so much pornography that one becomes numb to it and in a strange way there seems to be less of it. There are more outright protections against pornography and more public outrage against in your face pornography like Janet Jackson ’s wardrobe malfunction incident.This shows that pornography has become more of a private issue with the measure being less what the courts say and more what the audience of a particular media thinks and makes known. I think this is a definitive step and one can wonder how much court rulings played into how we live in a world full of pornography today but manage to ignore or are simply not confronted by most of what does exist.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Tiempo Permitido Fuera Estados Unidos para Residentes
Tiempo Permitido Fuera Estados Unidos para Residentes El tiempo que un residente permanente puede pasar fuera de los Estados Unidos sin afectar su estatus depende de varias circunstancias. Quienes cuentan con una green card deben residir en territorio de los Estados Unidos, de lo contrario se puede encontrar o bien con un rechazo de su solicitud de naturalizacià ³n, o bien con problemas para reingresar al paà s. Estos problemas afectan a quienes cuentan con una residencia en tarjeta de plstico, a quienes la tienen estampada en su pasaporte, a quienes tienen residencia condicional o quienes residen con visa de inversià ³n. Estos son algunos de los casos que hay que considerar: Si el residente pasa fuera de Estados Unidos menos de seis meses no deberà an existir problemas en los puntos de reingreso (frontera terrestre, inmigracià ³n en el aeropuerto o puerto marà timo) a menos que el oficial de inmigracià ³n tenga razones e informacià ³n para creer que la persona no reside, de hecho, en el paà s. Un ejemplo es quien est por fuera cinco meses, regresa un dà a y vuelve a salir.Si el residente pasa ms de seis meses fuera de Estados Unidos pero menos de un aà ±o, puede pedir su readmisià ³n si cuenta con los documentos que demuestren que no pretendà a abandonar su estatus de residente: familia en Estados Unidos, impuestos al dà a, empleo o negocio, propiedades inmobiliarias en el paà s, cuentas bancarias, licencia de conduccià ³n valida, documentos que prueben las razones de su demora en regresar al paà s o un certificado de estudios en marcha.Si el residente pasa por fuera de Estados Unidos ms de un aà ±o pero menos de dos, debe pedir un permiso especial para reingresar antes de salir del paà s. El permiso es valido por dos aà ±os. En este caso el permiso se debe solicitar: cuando hay certeza de una estadà a fuera de Estados Unidos de hasta dos aà ±os, cuando hay advertencias escritas en el pasaporte por un oficial de inmigracià ³n respecto al estatus migratorio, o cuando el residente ha pasado por fuera de Estados Unidos seis meses en un aà ±o y planea estar fuera otros seis meses al aà ±o siguiente. Si el residente ha estado por fuera ms de un aà ±o y no tiene permiso para reingresar, debe comenzar desde ceros el proceso para obtener un nuevo permiso de residencia, ya que el que tiene no es valido. Esto quiere decir que se pierden las condiciones de residente permanente. En este caso se podrà a solicitar una visa SB-1en el consulado o embajada correspondiente antes del reingreso, pero las condiciones que se exigen para solicitar dicha visa son muy especà ficas y estrictas (varios documentos, affidavits que respalden la versià ³n de los hechos, exmenes mà ©dicos, impuestos al dà a, cuentas bancarias, familia en Estados Unidos).  ¿Cules Son Mis Opciones Si He Estado por Fuera Mucho Tiempo? Ante un residente con un estatus migratorio conflictivo el agente de aduana puede proponer varias posibilidades: Que el residente retire voluntariamente su intento de admisià ³n al paà s y regrese a su paà s de origen; esto no es una deportacià ³n ni expulsià ³n, sino un acto que el residente cumple ejerciendo plena libertad de eleccià ³n.Que el residente firme un documento en el que renuncie a su residencia. En este caso la persona no debe firmar ningà ºn papel que reconozca se ha abandonado el estatus de residente a menos que lo quiera hacer voluntariamente. Al negarse, el residente ser enviado a la corte y allà podr explicar su caso delante de un juez. Que el residente obtenga un permiso (waiver) y pueda entrar con estatus de residente al paà s. Que el residente pueda reingresar con un notice to appear (aviso para comparecer). Aquà deber presentarse en la corte de inmigracià ³n para un potencial proceso de deportacià ³n a menos que se pruebe con contundencia las razones de la ausencia. Excepciones Los siguientes residentes tienen ms libertad en sus viajes por fuera de Estados Unidos: Residentes permanentes legales cà ³nyuges de ciudadanos americanos quienes acompaà ±an a su familiar en otro paà s debido a un trabajo para el gobierno, o porque son miembros de una de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos.Residentes permanentes legales hijos menores de 21 aà ±os de ciudadanos americanos que acompaà ±an a su familiar en otro paà s debido a un trabajo para el gobierno, o porque son miembros de una de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos. En estos casos, dichos residentes deben reingresar al paà s junto con el ciudadano americano con el que estn relacionados. Recuerde Si en la aduana se topa con problemas sepa que usted: No esta obligado a firmar ningà ºn documento.No puede perder su tarjeta de residencia. Ningà ºn oficial puede retenerla, solo un juez de inmigracià ³n tiene ese poder. Si pretende solicitar la ciudadanà a sepa que usted: Debe pasar al menos la mitad del tiempo requerido (cinco o tres aà ±os) dentro del territorio de Estados Unidos.No debe haber estado por fuera de Estados Unidos ms de un aà ±o seguido. Esto se considera como una ruptura de su obligacià ³n de residir en el paà s. Debe contar con los documentos que validen una estadà a por fuera de Estados Unidos de ms de seis meses y menos de un aà ±o. Por à ºltimo, este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia puede ser una guà a adicional. Este es un artà culo informativo, y no pretende ser asesorà a legal.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Canadian workers essays
Canadian workers essays . How did McLachlan attempt to bring women into the wage campaign in 1917, and how did this strategy reflect ideas about masculinity? Women became the focus of J.B. McLachlans campaign for higher wages during 1917 in which there would have been, roughly, a 30 percent pay increase. After discussing it with the AMW, McLachlan set out to include women as part of the struggle so there could be a better understanding of the needs of workers and their families. Women were asked to write to McLachlan to provide information regarding an imaginary family budget. This budget had to include living expenses such as food and rent. At the time, workers were only receiving $3.50 a day which, as one woman points out, was not even enough to cover the food bill and the rent alone. This was McLachlans attempt to bring women into the wage campaign and it also changed the miners perception of womens role in the home. Within the mining community, women became more recognised as an important asset to their well-being within the community. The reason women were picked for McLachlans contest was because of their knowledge of money with respect to household expenses. Men were occupied working in the mines for ten hours a day while women took responsibility for managing the money. Asking them for the financial needs of mining families seemed like an obvious option to McLachlan and the AMW. The masculinity that existed during this time is something that should not be overlooked. It stemmed from the notion that men where the only ones who were supposed to work and earn a living, not women. The main purpose of keeping women in the home was for them to take care of the children as well as tending to the house. McLachlan also believed in this patriarchal norm that was part of society at the time. It was not typical for a man of this time period to stay at home and not be the breadwinner of the family. This way of thi ...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Language Acquisition in Children
Language Acquisition in Children The term language acquisition refers to the development of language in children. By age 6, children have usually mastered most of the basic vocabulary and grammar of their first language. Second language acquisition (also known as second language learning or sequential language acquisition) refers to the process by which a person learns a foreign language- that is, a language other than their mother tongue. Examples and Observations For children, acquiring a language is an effortless achievement that occurs: Without explicit teaching,On the basis of positive evidence (i.e., what they hear),Under varying circumstances, and in a limited amount of time,In identical ways across different languages. ... Children achieve linguistic milestones in parallel fashion, regardless of the specific language they are exposed to. For example, at about 6-8 months, all children start to babble ... that is, to produce repetitive syllables like bababa. At about 10-12 months they speak their first words, and between 20 and 24 months they begin to put words together. It has been shown that children between 2 and 3 years speaking a wide variety of languages use infinitive verbs in main clauses ... or omit sentential subjects ... although the language they are exposed to may not have this option. Across languages young children also over-regularize the past tense or other tenses of irregular verbs. Interestingly, similarities in language acquisition are observed not only across spoken languages, but also between spoken and signed languages. (Marà a Teresa Guasti, Language Acquisition: The Growth of Grammar. MIT Press, 2002) Typical Speech Timetable for English-Speaking Child Week 0 - CryingWeek 6 - Cooing (goo-goo)Week 6 - Babbling (ma-ma)Week 8 - Intonation patternsWeek 12: Single wordsWeek 18 - Two-word utterancesYear 2: Word endingsYear 2 ½: NegativesYear 2 ¼: QuestionsYear 5: Complex constructionsYear 10: Mature speech patterns (Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) The Rhythms of Language At around nine months of age, then, babies start to give their utterances a bit of a beat, reflecting the rhythm of the language theyre learning. The utterances of English babies start to sound like te-tum-te-tum. The utterances of French babies start to sound like rat-a-tat-a-tat. And the utterances of Chinese babies start to sound like sing-song. ... We get the feeling that language is just around the corner.This feeling is reinforced by [an]other feature of language..: intonation. Intonation is the melody or music of language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls as we speak. (David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale University Press, 2010) Vocabulary Vocabulary and grammar grow hand in hand; as toddlers learn more words, they use them in combination to express more complex ideas. The kinds of objects and relationships that are central to daily life influence the content and complexity of a childs early language. (Barbara M. Newman and Philip R. Newman, Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach, 10th ed. Wadsworth, 2009)Humans mop up words like sponges. By the age of five, most English-speaking children can actively use around 3,000 words, and more are added fast, often quite long and complex ones. This total rises to 20,000 around the age of thirteen, and to 50,000 or more by the age of about twenty. (Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) The Lighter Side of Language Acquisition Child: Want other one spoon, Daddy.Father: You mean, you want the other spoon.Child: Yes, I want other one spoon, please, Daddy.Father: Can you say the other spoon?Child: Other ... one ... spoon.Father: Say other.Child: Other.Father: Spoon.Child: Spoon.Father: Other spoon.Child: Other ... spoon. Now give me other one spoon. (Martin Braine, 1971; quoted by George Yule in The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010)
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Development of Mongolia in Mining Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Development of Mongolia in Mining Sector - Essay Example pag.). This paper is intended to review the impact the booming mining industry makes on the overall economic performance of Mongolia, as well as the major opportunities and challenges faced by the sector, which inter alia would determine its future. The paper is organized in three main sections, the first of which provides accounts of the overall size, type and peculiar characteristics of Mongolian economy; the second provides a brief overview of the Mongolian mining sector; while the third section attempt an insight into the broadening horizons of Mongolia’s mining industry. Introduction to Mongolian Economy Following the dissolution of the USSR, Mongolia’s economy experienced both deep recession due to natural disasters and political inaction, and more or less noticeable growth, because of the economic reform, which included free-market orientation and extensive privatization of the dominant state sector (CIA, n. pag.). However, the massive livestock losses caused by severe winters and draughts, compounded by falling prices for the primary sector exports and widespread opposition to the privatization process, resulted in fairly anemic GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth; between 2004 and 2008, the GDP growth was nearly 9 percent on average, mainly due to new gold production, as well as to high copper prices (CIA, n. pag.). As of 2008, the Mongolian economy suffered both a soaring inflation rate – actually the highest inflation rate in over a decade, reaching almost 30 percent – and an external shock caused by the global financial crisis, with a sharp drop in commodity prices, hence greatly slashed government revenues (CIA, n. pag.). A 236 million-dollar stand-by agreement was reached with the International Monetary Fund in 2009, which assisted the country to emerge from the crisis (CIA, n. pag.). Because of the harsh weather during the winter in 2009 – 2010, a massive loss of livestock occurred once again – this time over 20 % of the total number – doubling the meat prices and consequently shrinking the GDP by 1.9 percent. In 2010, the economy growth was 6.4 percent, while in 2011 – 17.3 percent; these results were mainly obtained by commodity exports in the neighboring countries, on which the Mongolian economy heavily relies (CIA, n. pag.). For example, Mongolia purchases 95 percent of the imported petroleum products and substantial portion of its electricity imports from Russia, while China receives over 90 percent of Mongolia’s total exports (CIA, n. pag.). Besides agriculture, which comprises production of wheat, barley, vegetables and forage crops, as well as horses-, sheep-, goats-, cattle-, and camels-breeding, the Mongolian economy’s main industries include construction, production of construction materials, mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, gold, uranium, etc.), production of food and beverages, as well as processing of animal products; according to data of 2010, electricity production amounts to 4.313 billion kWh, whereas electricity imports are 262.9 million kWh (CIA, n. pag.). As of the same period, the overall industrial production growth rate is estimated at 37.3 % (CIA, n. pag.). According to 2011 data, Mongolia’s GDP is estimated at 13.28 billion dollars. Agriculture contributes 12.9 % of the total GDP, the
Friday, October 18, 2019
Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany Essay - 1
Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany - Essay Example Such fights have often bore fruit with the result of a greater freedom to the masses of a nation and the distribution of power into a wider pool. Stable democracy has been often defined as one that is able to endure over a large period of time. Some commentators put this at twenty-five years while others prescribe other amounts of time to qualify a democracy as a stable one. This however leads one to the question of whether one may be able to call a democracy a stable one if it meets the condition of durability but is closer in its sensibilities to an authoritarian regime. This has caused the rise of other views as to what constitutes a stable democracy, such as the state’s ability to pacify its citizens and provide them with an incentive for the continuation of the regime (Mundt, 2010). This makes it A major reason to which the success of democratic regimes all over the world has been ascribed is the rise of nationalism, which in turn, was a consequence of the rise of the bourgeoisie. The rise of the bourgeoisie led to an increase in trade and commerce which in turn flourished because of the colonial expansions that took place during the nineteenth century (it had been happening for a very long time by then, but it reached a crescendo with the onset of the Industrial Revolution). The increase in the importance of industry as a means of producing wealth required the importance to shift from land, which was the case till then. The rise of the bourgeoisie led to the commencement of many revolutions in different parts of Europe that took inspiration from the French Revolution of 1789 (Hobsbawm, 2008). These revolutions accelerated the onset of democracy in many countries, since most of them were based on ideologies that promoted egalitarianism. Following these revolutions, aristocra cy died a slow death in most of the countries that they occurred. This was the beginning of a process of transition that
Planning Group Policy Software Deployments Term Paper
Planning Group Policy Software Deployments - Term Paper Example By having in place a recycle pin for active directory, the whole process of deleting an object is changed by eliminating the features or the attributes that are the process can do without. The objects that are deleted are kept in recycling pin for the rest of the server's lifetime so that any time that the user needs he or she can get it. This process is equivalent to the status of pre-AD recycle bin delete. The object remains in that location until the lifetime expires that is where it will be restored using garbage collection mechanism. To recover a container which has objects and sub-containers, the best method is authoritative restore though recycle bin is also able to perform it. For the s3econd case, the whole restoring procedure is initiated from the deleted hierarchy. There two options that can be used to recover an item that has been lost in the active directory. The first option is where the restoring process is done authoritatively from the backup that had been created. To carry out this process, you restart the domain controller that is in the restore state of directory service. Basically, the state of the system is brought back to the previous state at which it was before the disaster strikes. To make sure that the item that had been lost regains the previous state, you need to make use of ntd.exe command-line properties to label the item that was restored. This will enable the restored item to have a structure resembling all the other domain controllers in that particular domain.... This also has to be outlined. The security concern that is given emphasis is that concerning risk that can accrue and affect the business functionality of the system. An example is, is the economical risk that might accrue when an attacker cause denial of service by preventing the employees from using the system to carry out the business transaction. This can lead to lose of customers by the company The primary security tasks that can be incorporated in this level are ensuring that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the company’s data and information is maximized. This can be ensured by using Microsoft group policy object to come up with groups of information that are supposed to be accessed by a particular group of people. This will make it easy to single out the person who has had an access to information at a particular time and also delegate the individual responsible for transfer, keeping and creation of information. The second phase of system development life cycle is analysis which entails collecting the system’s requirement. Examination of the business requirement is done so that the business activities are accomplished faster. This stage concentrates on the functional requirement of the in ensuring that all the system user requirements are attained The group policy that is implemented in this phase is provided after doing a detailed evaluation of the risk involved them assistance is provided to the previous policy measures. Examination of the requirement policy is done then a test of both functional and security features is conducted. This will give a basis for the creating a document that will be used to certify and accredit the system. However the to analyze a complex system requires that the
History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
History Questions - Essay Example She just did it backwards and in high heels!" How do you feel this quote reflects the history of Texas women-- Women in Texas: A Pioneer Spirit by Linda S. Hudson Women of Texas, since its funding, have always been active participants in the maintenance and protection of their households and homesteads. It has been recorded that when the men are out fighting for the defense of their land, the women do not only the maintain the household chores but they also do the tasks the men left undone including the protection of their places from invaders. The above quote signifies the veracity of Texan women's history. These women have the capacity and the will to do men's works when necessary. It was even made real later, when the Spanish came. Women were even more acknowledged and allowed to occupy leadership positions in the government that later opposition to the position women occupy in the home and community did not change the situation. 3. Please review the article: Spain's Cultural Legacy in Texas by Flix D. Almarz, Jr. Although the Spanish did not create settlements like the English in the Chesepeake or establish trading networks with Amerindians like the French in Canada, they did leave their mark on Texas. Think about place names, language, architecture, religion, etc. The Spanish left a large impact on the everyday lives of the people of Texas. Their folklore, for instance, have the dichos (witty proverbs) and cuentos (stories). In the legal terms, Spanish legal concepts such as property rights for women, adoption of orphaned children and their equal shares in the inheritance, and state ownership of subsoil resources, have been incorporated in Texas' policies up to the present. Moreover, for the division of land areas, they have the hacienda or leguas (4,428 acres), labores (177 acres), and varas (33 inches). Spanish mark can also be seen in their folk dances, music and foodstuffs. Even the churchyard dramas like the Las Posadas and Los Pastores are parts of their celebration of Christmas. In addition, several names of streets, plazas, bridges, roads and buildings are in Spanish, as well as the names of trees, flowers & other plants such as: tuna, manzanilla and alamo. 4. Basing your answer on the requests of Texans drawn up by the Conventions of 1832 and 1833, identify and describe the complaints (or changes desired) of Texans at this point in time -- Texas Independence by Archie P. McDonald The resolutions that were requested by the Texans in the Conventions of 1832 and 1833 are summarized in the following terms: the renewal of land grants, more units of local self-government, exemptions from customs collection for three more years, militia for defense against the Indians, and a separate statehood within the Mexican government. The demands in both conventions are almost the same except that in 1833 it was accompanied with a framed a constitution and presided by a more aggressive William Wharton instead of Austin. Most of these requests were finally granted except for the one on separate statehood. The Texans were said to still have lacked the population and the capacity to maintain and lead a separate state
Thursday, October 17, 2019
A Jazz Song Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
A Jazz Song Analysis - Essay Example Her vocalization, diction, and delivery are extraordinary, with a slight touch of a Southern drawl; her tenor is slow but steadfast, crude but charming, childlike but sophisticated. The song’s texture is significant all the way through, particularly at the moments when Holiday is chanting. The song starts with a unique sound but moves back when lyrics come out, and the singing of Holiday surfaces to the center stage. Hence the distancing of the arrangement of the vocal and musical components emphasizes the words that are being spoken (Kaplan 78). An instrumental sound dominates at first and then weakens a bit, and then the lyrics and the singer’s voice become the focal point for the listener. The quality of the vocals’ sound and their stable poetic rhythm further strengthen the impact of the words on the listeners. The deep-toned singing of Holiday generates a haunting and gloomy atmosphere. Likewise, the low pitch of the combined sound of the trumpet and piano produces a sad melody. Strange Fruit was composed by Abel Meeropol, a union advocate and Jewish educator, who was resentful after having a glimpse of a picture of a dreadful lynching in a magazine dedicated to the civil rights movement (Greene 58-59; Clarke 163). The photograph was an image of two Black men victimized by lynching and dangling from a tree in Marion, Indiana in the 1930s. These two men are what the ‘Strange Fruit’ symbolizes. This song was performed by a group of black musicians in an antifascist campaign (Margolick 6). In 1939, race relations in the U.S. were as terrible as before. It was nearly two decades before the civil rights movement began to bring about any actual improvement. It was at the most desperate point of the Great Depression and the public pushed Holiday to create a positive atmosphere through her lively attitude (Albertson 21; Pramuk 358). Such is
Discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4
Discussion questions - Assignment Example In order to stabilize its revenue, the organization should also consider venturing into mining and manufacturing especially in those areas that will directly determine the supply of its raw materials. As with other big organizations, virgin group should also venture in to the financial market to boost its revenue in the unstable global markets. Renewable energy sector is another promising area that virgin group can venture in since as the world moves from the conventional sources of energy such as petroleum products, the demand for renewable sources of energy is likely to increase which translates to profits for virgin group (Barwise & Meehan, 2010). Other companies that have built their value proposition on image include McDonalds, which specializes in fast foods; the company has built an image as the best source of fast food in America. Apple is another company that has also built its value on its image proposition on its communication gadgets such as mobile phones, tablets and personal
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
A Jazz Song Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
A Jazz Song Analysis - Essay Example Her vocalization, diction, and delivery are extraordinary, with a slight touch of a Southern drawl; her tenor is slow but steadfast, crude but charming, childlike but sophisticated. The song’s texture is significant all the way through, particularly at the moments when Holiday is chanting. The song starts with a unique sound but moves back when lyrics come out, and the singing of Holiday surfaces to the center stage. Hence the distancing of the arrangement of the vocal and musical components emphasizes the words that are being spoken (Kaplan 78). An instrumental sound dominates at first and then weakens a bit, and then the lyrics and the singer’s voice become the focal point for the listener. The quality of the vocals’ sound and their stable poetic rhythm further strengthen the impact of the words on the listeners. The deep-toned singing of Holiday generates a haunting and gloomy atmosphere. Likewise, the low pitch of the combined sound of the trumpet and piano produces a sad melody. Strange Fruit was composed by Abel Meeropol, a union advocate and Jewish educator, who was resentful after having a glimpse of a picture of a dreadful lynching in a magazine dedicated to the civil rights movement (Greene 58-59; Clarke 163). The photograph was an image of two Black men victimized by lynching and dangling from a tree in Marion, Indiana in the 1930s. These two men are what the ‘Strange Fruit’ symbolizes. This song was performed by a group of black musicians in an antifascist campaign (Margolick 6). In 1939, race relations in the U.S. were as terrible as before. It was nearly two decades before the civil rights movement began to bring about any actual improvement. It was at the most desperate point of the Great Depression and the public pushed Holiday to create a positive atmosphere through her lively attitude (Albertson 21; Pramuk 358). Such is
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Choice one of the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Choice one of the topic - Essay Example Generally, quality can be managed by clearly defining quality characteristics, considering how it can be measured, setting quality standards and lastly, monitoring and improving standards (Kelemen, 2002, p.29). Some of the problems in managing quality of service include measurements because it is very difficult to measure something that is not tangible. Another problem is setting or meeting the required standards since it is not easy to meet diverse expectations of different customers. In addition, monitoring and improving quality service is also a challenge because it is extremely difficult to monitor something that cannot be observed. Some scholars equate the concept service quality to satisfaction (Hernon and Whitman 2000, p.14) claiming that service quality is concerned with satisfaction and meeting individuals’ expectations. Agreeably, service managers face different challenges as opposed to production managers and some of these challenges include answering customer call, satisfying customers by providing timely service, ensuring quality service, and time factors among others. This paper presents a discussion on quality, challenges that service managers face as opposed to product managers especially when trying to manage quality. Feigenbaum not only focuses on manufacturing but he also covers various departments which contribute to the quality of the product and services that an organizations offer to satisfy customer’s needs (Knowles, n.d, p.10). Managing quality is one big challenge to many managers in an organization. Product quality covers features, performance and defects among others whereas service quality incorporates time delivery and knowledge of delivery personnel among others. Product features is one way in which quality can be measured in that customers focus on the features of the product as the most important factor in meeting their expectations (Juran, 1989, p.19). Product quality and service quality differ in
Monday, October 14, 2019
Online Self Testing for Real Time Systems
Online Self Testing for Real Time Systems A Survey on Different Architectures Used in Online Self Testing for Real Time Systems I.ABSTRACT On-line self-testing is the solution for detecting permanent and intermittent faults for non safety critical and real-time embedded multiprocessors. This paper basically describes the three scheduling and allocation policies for on-line self-testing. Keywords-components: MPSoC, On-line self-testing, DSM technology II.INTRODUCTION Real-time systems are very important parts of our life now a day to day. In the last few decades, we have been studied the time aspect of computations. But in recent years it has increase exponentially among the researchers and research school. There has been an eye catching growth in the count of real-time systems. Being used in domestic and industry production. So we can say that real-time system is a system which not only depends upon the correctness of the result of the system but also on the time at which the result is produced. The example of the real-time system can be given as the chemical and nuclear plant control, space mission, flight control systems, military systems, telecommunications; multimedia systems and so on all make use of real-time technologies. Testing is a fundamental step in any development process. It consists in applying a set of experiments to a system (system under test − SUT), with multiple aims, from checking correct functionality to measuring performance. In this paper, we are interested in so-called black-box conformance testing, where the aim is to check conformance of the SUT to a given specification. The SUT is a â€Å"black box†in the sense that we do not have a model of it, thus, can only rely on its observable input/output behavior. Real time is measured by quantitative use of clock (real clock)[1].Whenever we quantify time by using the real clock we use real time. A system is called real time system when we need quantitative expression of time to describe the behavior of the used system. In our daily lives, we rely on systems that have underlying temporal constraints including avionic control systems, medical devices, network processors, digital video recording devices, and many other systems and devices. In each of these systems there is a potential penalty or consequence associated with the violation of a temporal constraint. a. ONLINE SELF TESTING Online self-testing is the most cost-effective technique which is used to ensure correct operation for microprocessor-based systems in the field and also improves their dependability in the presence of failures caused by components aging. DSM Technologies Deep submicron technology means, the use of transistors of smaller size with faster switching rates[2]. As we know from Moores law the size of transistors are doubled by every year in a system, the technology has to fit those inc in transistors in small area with better performance and low-power[4]. III. Different Architectures used in Online Self Testing in Real Time Systems. 1.The Architecture of the DIVA Processing In Memory Chip The DIVA system architecture was specially designed to support a smooth migration path for application software by integrating PIMs into conventional systems as seamlessly as possible. DIVA PIMs resemble, at their interfaces, commercial DRAMs, enabling PIM memory to be accessed by host software either as smart memory coprocessors or as conventional memory[2]. A separate memory to memory interconnect enables communication between memories without involving the host processor. PIM Array PIM to PIM Interconnect Fig.1: DIVA Architecture A parcel is closely related to an active message as it is a relatively lightweight communication mechanism containing a reference to a function to be invoked when the parcel is received. Parcels are transmitted through a separate PIM to PIM interconnect to enable communication without interfering with host memory traffic. This interconnect must support the dense packing requirement of memory devices and allow the addition or removal of devices from system. Each DIVA PIM chip is a VLSI memory device augmented with general purpose computing and communication hardware[3]. Although a PIM may consist of multiple nodes, each of which are primarily comprised of few megabyte of memory and a node processor. 2. Chip Multiprocessor Architecture (CMP Architecture) Chip multiprocessors are also called as multi-core microprocessors or CMPs for short ,these are now the only way to build high-performance microprocessors, for a number of reasons[6]. limiting acceptance of CMPs in some types of systems. Fig.2: The above figure shows the CMP Architecture[6] 3. SCMP Architecture: An Asymmetric Multiprocessor System-on-Chip Future systems will have to support multiple and concurrent dynamic compute-intensive applications, while respecting real-time and energy consumption constraints. Within this framework, an architecture, named SCMP has been presented[5]. This asymmetric multiprocessor can support dynamic migration and preemption of tasks, thanks to a concurrent control of tasks, while offering a specific data sharing solution. Its tasks are controlled by a dedicated HW-RTOS that allows online scheduling of independent real-time and non real time tasks. By incorporating a connected component labelling algorithm into this platform, we have been able to measure its benefits for real-time and dynamic image processing. In response to an ever increasing demand for computational efficiency, the performance of embedded system architectures have improved constantly over the years. This has been made possible through fewer gates per pipeline stage, deeper pipelines, better circuit designs, faster transistors with new manufacturing processes, and enhanced instruction level or data-level parallelism (ILP or DLP)[7]. An increase in the level of parallelism requires the integration of larger cache memories and more sophisticated branch prediction systems. It therefore has a negative impact on the transistors’ efficiency, since the part of these that performs computations is being gradually reduced. Switching time and transistor size are also reaching their minimum limits. The SCMP architecture has a CMP structure and uses migration and fast preemption mechanisms to eliminate idle execution slots. This means bigger switching penalties, it ensures greater flexibility and reactivity for real-time systems. Programming Model The programming model for the SCMP architecture is specifically adapted to dynamic applications and global scheduling methods. The proposed programming model is based on the explicit separation of the control and the computation parts. Computation tasks and the control task are extracted from the application, so as each task is a standalone program. The control task handles the computation task scheduling and other control functionalities, like synchronizations and shared resource management for instance. Each embedded application can be divided into a set of independent threads, from which explicit execution dependencies are extracted. Each thread can in turn be divided into a finite set of tasks. The greater the number of independent and parallel tasks are extracted, the more the application can be accelerated at runtime. Fig3: SCMP Processing As shown in Figure 9, the SCMP architecture is made of multiple PEs and I/O controllers. This architecture is designed to provide real-time guarantees, while optimizing resource utilization and energy consumption. The next section describes execution of applications in a SCMP architecture. When the OSoC receives an execution order of an application, its Petri Net representation is built into the Task Execution and Synchronization Management Unit (TSMU) of the OSoC. Then, the execution and configuration demands are sent to the Selection unit according to application status. They contain all of active tasks that can be executed and of coming active tasks that can be prefetched. Scheduling of all active tasks must then incorporate the tasks for the newly loaded application. If a non-configured task is ready and waiting for its execution, or a free resource is available, the PE and Memory Allocation Unit sends a configuration primitive to the Configuration Unit. Fig4:SCMP Architecture[5] Table Of Comparison   Name Of The Paper Year of Publication Author Limits The Architecture of the DIVA Processing In Memory Chip 2002 Jeff Draper, Jacqueline Chame, Mary Hall, Craig Steele, Tim Barrett, Jeff LaCoss, John Granacki, Jaewook Shin, Chun Chen, Chang Woo Kang, Ihn Kim, Gokhan Daglikoca This paper has described a detailed description of DIVA PIM Architecture. This paper having some issues for exploiting memory bandwidth, particularly the memory interface and controller, instruction set features for fine grained parallel operation, and mechanism for address translation. Chip Multiprocessor Architecture: Techniques to Improve Throughput and Latency 2007 KunleOlukotun, LanceHammond, James Laudon This work provides a solid foundation for future exploration in the area of defect-tolerant design. We plan to investigate the use of spare components, based on wearout profiles to provide more sparing for the most vulnerable components. Further, a CMP switch is only a first step toward the overreaching goal of designing a defect-tolerant CMP system. SCMP Architecture: An Asymmetric Multiprocessor System on-Chip for Dynamic Applications 2010 NicolasVentroux, Raphael David The new architecture, which has been called SCMP, consists of a hardware real-time operating system accelerator (HW-RTOS), and multiple computing, memory, and input/output resources. The overhead due to control and execution management is limited by our highly efficient task and data sharing management scheme, despite of using a centralized control. Future works will focus on the development of tools to ease the programmation of the SCMP architecture. Conclusion We have done a survey how on-line self-testing can be controlled in a real-time embedded multiprocessor for dynamic but non safety critical applications using different architectures. We analyzed the impact of three on-line self-testing architectures in terms of performance penalty and fault detection probability. As long as the architecture load remains under a certain threshold, the performance penalty is low and an aggressive self test policy, as proposed in can be applied to [8] D. Gizopoulos et al., Systematic Software-Based Self -Test for Pipelined Processors, Trans. on Vlsi Sys., vol. 16, pp. 1441-1453, 2008. such architecture. Otherwise, on-line self-testing should consider the scheduling decision for mitigating the overhead in detriment to fault detection probability. It was shown that a policy that periodically applies a test to each processor in a way that accounts for the idle states of processors, the test history and the task priority offers a good trade-off between the performance and fault detection probability. However, the principle and methodology can be generalized to other multiprocessor architectures. References [1] R. Mall. â€Å"Real-time system†: Theory and practice. Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2008. [2] Analysis of On-Line Self-Testing Policies for Real-Time Embedded Multiprocessors in DSM Technologies O. Heron, J. Guilhemsang, N. Ventroux et al 2010 IEEE. [3] Jeff Draper et al., The Architecture of the DIVA Processing In Memory Chip, ICS’02, June. [4] C. Constantinescu, â€Å"Impact of deep submicron technology on dependability of VLSI circuits†, IEEE DSN, pp. 205-209, 2002. [5] Nicolas Ventroux and Raphael David, â€Å"SCMP architecture: An Asymmetric Multiprocessor System-on-Chip for Dynamic Applications†, ACM Second International Forum on Next Generation Multicore/Many core Technologies, Saint Malo, France, 2010. [6] Chip Multiprocessor Architecture: Techniques to Improve Throughput and Latency. [7] Antonis Paschalis and Dimitris Gizopoulos â€Å"Effective Software-Based Self-Test Strategies for On-Line Periodic Testing of Embedded Processors†, DATE, pp.578-583,2004. IJSET 2014Page 1
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Antigone By David Greene :: essays research papers
THE QUALITIES OF CREON As readers, we have to make judgments and interpretations of different characters. In the book, Antigone, translated by David Greene, there is a character by the name of Creon. While reading Antigone, some important descriptions about Creon become apparent. He views himself as the perfect leader, believes he is always correct, and wants control over people. Creon believes he is the only perfect ruler for Thebes. He believes that he can create a better city with his presence: "I would not be silent if I saw ruin,…" (p.168 l.203-204). "I would not count any enemy of my country as a friend-" (p.168 l.205-206). He further continues by stating "I will make her greater still" (p.168 l.210). In this last quote Creon declares that he will improve the city (she) by his rulings. Creon describes how his qualities make him a good ruler and how he would act in different situations. Furthermore, Creon views himself a good leader because he believes he has the best attributes and no one can compare to him. Creon shows his over-confidence when he boasts of his role as the perfect ruler of Thebes. In addition, Creon believes he is always correct in his judgments and his beliefs. Before the sentry even explains the event that has occurred, the sentry states that he is only a messenger and that he has not committed the act. Yet Creon still accuses the sentry of receiving money for the act and threatens to punish him. "That will teach you in the days to come from what you may draw profit…ill-gotten gains ruin more than they save" (p.172-173 l.342-346). Creon does not think logically that the sentry would not turn himself in for such an impious act. Consequently, the Chorus suggests that the act may have been committed by God. Creon stops this "nonsense" conversation immediately and rebukes that Zeus and the gods would not honor criminals. Creon seems to believe he knows everything and stubbornly refuses to listen to others. He goes as far as not believing his son, Haemon, when Haemon informs his father of the reputation he has created to the citizens. Creon believes that "It seems this boy (Haemon) is on the woman’s side (Antigone)" (p.190 l. 803). Creon refuses to believe what Haemon says and attacks Haemon for siding with Antigone. Creon’s stubbornness brings about his own downfall when he chooses not to believe Teiresias, the blind prophet.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
ViVa! Vienna! Essay -- Event Planning
Small children shriek at the excitement of experiencing toddler rides at ViVa! Vienna!. Teenagers scream as they cling to their seats on the scary rides. Adults scrutinize the intricate crafts on sale at vendor booths along an historic street. People of all ages enjoy the food court, a veritable United Nations of tastes. Parents appreciate the fact that there is no cost to attend ViVa! Vienna! Music fans soak up the sounds of a wide variety of free music to suit everyone’s taste. These statements, you are probably thinking, describe events at different festivals, different locations, and different parks where you would have to pay big bucks just to get in. For all these statements describe one event: ViVa! Vienna!, a three-day festival of food, crafts, music, carnival rides and community spirit, held annually along historic Church Street in Vienna, from Lawyers Road to Mill St., with the old Vienna Train Station and Caboose serving as the anchor. Now in its 27th year, ViVa! Vienna! will return on Memorial Day Weekend, Saturday, May 29 through Monday, May 31, 2010. Carnival rides, along with the carnival food traditions of popcorn, kettle corn, and funnel cakes, will round out the fare. On Sunday and Monday of Memorial Day Weekend, Church Street will be closed to traffic from Lawyers Road to Mill Street to allow booths for artisans, retail vendors, political parties and candidates, professional groups, and community organizations. Local vendors will offer a variety of foods, including pizza, barbecue, hot dogs and hamburgers, Italian sausage, as well as food traditions from countries around the world. â€Å"ViVa! Vienna! is produced and sponsored by the Vienna Rotary Club in concert with title co-sponso... ...c material, such as that found in computers and monitors, from landfills reduces environmental contamination,†said Eichert. â€Å"Helping the environment is the right thing to do and Navy Federal is pleased to offer this service to the community.†‘Service above Self’ is the Rotary motto and ViVa! Vienna! provides the vehicle to serve the community with this celebration and then to help charitable organizations serve specific groups. The ViVa! Vienna www.vivaviennava.org provides information it also provides information and lists of sources for those who have additional questions. Become a ViVa! Vienna! Facebook Fan at http://www.facebook.com/vivavienna â€Å"Not only is this a fun weekend for all family members, it is a worthy cause,†said Jim Marshall. â€Å"Come out and see for yourself. I’m betting you will have a good time – no matter what your age.†# # # ViVa! Vienna! Essay -- Event Planning Small children shriek at the excitement of experiencing toddler rides at ViVa! Vienna!. Teenagers scream as they cling to their seats on the scary rides. Adults scrutinize the intricate crafts on sale at vendor booths along an historic street. People of all ages enjoy the food court, a veritable United Nations of tastes. Parents appreciate the fact that there is no cost to attend ViVa! Vienna! Music fans soak up the sounds of a wide variety of free music to suit everyone’s taste. These statements, you are probably thinking, describe events at different festivals, different locations, and different parks where you would have to pay big bucks just to get in. For all these statements describe one event: ViVa! Vienna!, a three-day festival of food, crafts, music, carnival rides and community spirit, held annually along historic Church Street in Vienna, from Lawyers Road to Mill St., with the old Vienna Train Station and Caboose serving as the anchor. Now in its 27th year, ViVa! Vienna! will return on Memorial Day Weekend, Saturday, May 29 through Monday, May 31, 2010. Carnival rides, along with the carnival food traditions of popcorn, kettle corn, and funnel cakes, will round out the fare. On Sunday and Monday of Memorial Day Weekend, Church Street will be closed to traffic from Lawyers Road to Mill Street to allow booths for artisans, retail vendors, political parties and candidates, professional groups, and community organizations. Local vendors will offer a variety of foods, including pizza, barbecue, hot dogs and hamburgers, Italian sausage, as well as food traditions from countries around the world. â€Å"ViVa! Vienna! is produced and sponsored by the Vienna Rotary Club in concert with title co-sponso... ...c material, such as that found in computers and monitors, from landfills reduces environmental contamination,†said Eichert. â€Å"Helping the environment is the right thing to do and Navy Federal is pleased to offer this service to the community.†‘Service above Self’ is the Rotary motto and ViVa! Vienna! provides the vehicle to serve the community with this celebration and then to help charitable organizations serve specific groups. The ViVa! Vienna www.vivaviennava.org provides information it also provides information and lists of sources for those who have additional questions. Become a ViVa! Vienna! Facebook Fan at http://www.facebook.com/vivavienna â€Å"Not only is this a fun weekend for all family members, it is a worthy cause,†said Jim Marshall. â€Å"Come out and see for yourself. I’m betting you will have a good time – no matter what your age.†# # #
Friday, October 11, 2019
The Importance Of The Cultural Training Education Essay
In recent old ages at that place has been a drastic alteration in the form of the work force where there has been a batch of engagement of the multicultural people in assorted administrations. So every administration had started concentrating to better their indispensable accomplishments through assorted developing programme ( Sabo, 2000 ) . During this procedure they recruit, train and promote from planetary labor pool ( Herr, 1990 ) . Furthermore there has been enormous addition in the figure of the minority registration in the administration at different degrees. So every administration is more focussed to acquire prepared to larn and work with different people with different cultural background throughout the universe internationally. In order to understand and to get by up with different people employees are provided with needed developing programmes every bit good as schemes. And in these preparation programmes much focal point is given over the struggles in the cross-cultural relationships ( Sue and Sue, 1990 ) . Difference in these learning manners can move as a hinderance to the preparation programmes. Apart from these there are certain internal factors like self-pride and attitude which will move as barriers during the preparation work country ( Field and Aebersold, 1990 ) . Furthermore internal personal relation accomplishments are the most general accomplishment which is provided in every preparation programme ( Greenan and Winters, 1991 ) . And these accomplishments are inter-related to each other and their impacts over the preparation programmes are huge.Cross cultural direction:There has been important addition in the cross cultural interactions among people and administrations because administrations are seeking to thrive and develop globally in order to go earn more net income. ( Alder, 1983, 1991 ; blunt and Richards, 1993 ) stated that the importance of International Human Resource Management has been increasing in footings of academic and pr actical facets. ( Black and Mendenhall, 1990 ) argued that cross cultural preparation is an effectual manner for easing effectual transverse cultural interactions. In old yearss, transnational companies used to concentrate on merely one dimension while choice of an employee for foreign assignment and that is proficient competency without sing the effects of interpersonal accomplishments and relationship accomplishments ( Mendenhall et al. , 1987, Miller, 1973, Tung, 1981 ) . Cross cultural direction trades with choice of campaigners for international undertaking,Cultural preparation Models:During these developing the trainers use few words like preparation and orientation which are really frequent in their educational form. Orientation means acquiring acquainted with the environing environment or state of affairs ( Batchelder, 1978 ) . orientation is characterised as who, what, when and where attack sing their readying period but in preparation every person learns practically about the environment, learns the needed accomplishments and attacks depending upon the state of affairs. Finally they become so possible and capable plenty that start executing good in those new environments efficaciously. There are assorted theoretical accounts which are used by the trainee to develop the pupils. These are some of them. Orientation Training Education ( Bennett, J. M. ( 1986 ) â€Å" Modes of cross-cultural preparation: gestating cross-cultural preparation as instruction †. International Journal of International Relation, Vol. 10: 117-134 Table. : Models used in the cultural preparation Orientation Training Education Goals Cognitive Behavioural Affectional behavioural Cognitive affectional behavioural Content Cultural particular ( who, what, when and where ) Cultural particular ( who, what, when, where, and how ) Cultural specific cultural general ( who, what, when, where, how and why ) Procedure Intellectual Experiential Experimental rational Beginning: Bennett, J. M. ( 1986 ) , pp.121Assorted cross-cultural preparation theories:( Fiedler et al. , 1971 ; Mitchell et al. , 1972 ) stated that there are four different types of teaching- acquisition theories are most effectual for transverse cultural preparation and these are: Cognitive Pragmatism Behaviorism Humanitarianism Cognitive learner theory: This is besides called as the ‘Class room ‘ , ‘University ‘ Model ( Harrison & A ; Hopkins, 1966 ) . Here it is believed that the cognitive apprehension is indispensable for effectual public presentation because here the participants learn the things with their involvement towards the acquisition. Fiedler et Al. ( 1971 ) ; Mitchell et Al. ( 1972 ) ; Landis et Al. ( 1976 ) ; Randolph et Al. ( 1977 ) ; Worchel and Mitchell ( 1972 ) ; and Weldon et Al. ( 1975 ) designed and developed this theory to measure the cognition of campaigners sing cultural difference and their impact on their public presentation while executing work in a different state. This theory involves readying of short incidents that describe the interactions between sojourners ( person visiting or populating temporarily in given state ) and host national ( native of given state ) . So, the campaigners are divided into groups and each group has to analyze series of multicultural incidents jointly. For each incident, campaigners used to acquire assorted multidimensional inquiries and they have to take one option based on their cognition and penchants ( Parhizgar, 1998 ) . Pragmatistic: It is a cross-cultural experiential preparation plan. It includes five types of procedures and these are: Attention: campaigners are required to hold deep and close concentration on some peculiar events. They have to detect some cardinal things merely and disregard others. However, some cultural values do non necessitate close attending because these values are rather similar to candidate ‘s ain civilization values. Choice: the trainees have to choose some peculiar sort of cultural values, beliefs and behavior forms to be learnt and analyzed. Withdrawal: it includes determination of cultural values, beliefs and behavior forms that are rather different from trainees ain civilization in order to larn efficaciously other civilization in simplest manner. Emphasize: the trainees has to give more attending towards certain parts of selected cultural values in order to deeply understand the basic operation of that civilization. It besides helps in analyzing the affectional power of images which varies harmonizing to person ‘s ain perceptual values. Assortment and contrast: if trainees find that the new cultural environment is utmost and seeable in the same manner as their ain civilization, so trainees do non able to larn significantly. So, to larn efficaciously, trainees have to see or hear the new civilization from different manner otherwise similarity causes them to lose involvement ( Parhizgar, 1998 ) . Behavioristic: ( Bandura, 1969 ; Sims, Jr. , & A ; Gioia, 1986 ) stated societal acquisition theory which argued that to understand the behavior of a individual we need to analyze individual ‘s societal and rational environment. It consists of taking trainees to field trip to a different state to detect and analyze the cultural forms straight. This theory comprises of eight constituents viz. : Observation: in the simplest manner, trainees can watch and enter events on the footing of their observation. ( Moorhead & A ; Griffin, 1990 ) described assorted signifiers of observation that trainees are free to utilize and of import 1s among them are – structured observation, participated observation and concealed observation. Structured observation involves look after of peculiar type of events by the trainees to larn on peculiar country. In participated observation, trainees have to really take part in the events and record the meaningful effects in their dairy. Inspection and experimental recording of the events without the pre and station cognition of perceivers play an of import function in concealed observation. Attention: this procedure helps in finding the choice of events that is required to pull out of import information from those interactions. The factors that may alter or upset the trainee ‘s attending are – place, involvement and analogy of the theoretical account and the perennial handiness of the manners ( Black & A ; Mendenhall, 1990 ) . Percept: ( Zalkin & A ; Costello, 1962 ) stated that a individual has to gone through series of procedures to understand information about modelled cultural behavior. It besides helps in increasing the consciousness of individual sing its cognition of modelled cultural behavior. Apperception: the procedure of implanting or integrating new constructs into 1 ‘s ain civilization – wonts, desires, involvements and values is known as apperception. The manmade instruments like cultural traits are responsible for bring forthing peculiar types of psychological responses in human existences. The perceiver has to demo desire and involvement in order to understand the order or nature of ideas of other civilizations. Retention: ( Black & A ; Mendenhall, 1990 ) stated that the procedure by which we can integrate modelled or desired behaviors as memory is called keeping. Invention: it is a procedure which helps us in the account of new things or constructs in footings of general and specific features, common values and rules. It besides plays an of import function in disputing the bing cognition every bit good as to detect the new constructs. Adaptation: in the simplest signifier, version agencies is to do accommodations efficaciously to cognize the cultural environment, factors behind the environment alteration, and how people able to new constructs by agencies of socialization. Behavioral alteration: it means the reading and use of new erudite cultural behavior and values that is to be embedded in the individual ‘s ain civilization. It is the procedure of transition of behavior of a individual to understand the other civilization in deeper manner. Humanist: Modem humanistic cultural preparation theory is concerned with two chief types of learning larning phenomena. One consists of cultural doctrine: moralss, morality, literature, verse forms, faith and other distinguished Fieldss of enquiry such as metaphysics ( cosmology, ontology, and causality ) , epistemology and axiology. The 2nd consists of related human ritual activities, manners of corporate cultural perceptual experiences and experiences in creativeness, productiveness, or executing humanistic disciplines and those involved in perceiving, appreciating, utilizing, basking, measuring, managing, instruction, and prophesying values covering with it. This theory presents a challenge to the trainee ‘s doctrine and free ways of understanding. It is founded on the theory that larning occurs chiefly through contemplation on personal experience. The work of a collaborative group of trainers-multicultural trainers-is non to set anything in the head or repertory of the trainees, but to pull out positions from the trainees ‘ ain sensational and rational penetrations and experiences. It is a deductive and dialectic teaching-learning attack. On the footing of trainee ‘s experiences, trainers explain stirred statements, so trainees make new connexions in a composite formation. Both learning and learning procedures are inductive in footings of logical thinking, averment, visual image, contemplation and generalisation of the facts. A humanistic attack is manipulated neither by trainers nor by trainees. It is the natural flow of nearing and sing with extremely motivated techniques ( Parhizgar, 1998 ) . Integrationist attack: Research suggested that to heighten the success of individual who is traveling to work in a different state in footings of public presentation and personal satisfaction, individual has to travel through socialization. Berry ( 1997 ) proposed a theoretical theoretical account to achieve socialization easy and efficaciously is by agencies of integrationist attack. This attack is rather different to separation, assimilation and marginalization. The administration has to promote their employees who have been selected for an international undertaking to take or follow above said attack in order to understand new civilization by agencies of socialization. In this attack, campaigners are asked to retain or memorize their ain civilization every bit good as to larn new constructs and values related to the new civilization ( Abbott et al. , 2006 ) . Cultural theory: Downs ( 1970 ) explained four types of preparation theoretical accounts for transverse cultural issues: Intellectual Model: this theoretical account comprises of talks and reading stuffs about a civilization that is different from individual ‘s ain civilization and it is based on that the exchange of information sing new civilization is helpful in life in different civilization. Area Simulation Model: this theoretical account is by and large referred to as civilization specific preparation plan. These preparation plans are based on belief that an person has to acquire particular preparation sing the civilization he/she is traveling to come in. These plans chiefly involve analysis of future behavior of an person for peculiar state of affairs in the new civilization. Self Awareness Model: this theoretical account is based on premise that to understand a new civilization, it is critical for an person to first understand the individual from the different civilization. To understand individual, means understanding likes, disfavors, behavior, societal values and norms of that peculiar individual. Culture Awareness Model: ( Harris and Moran, 1991 ) stated that to work efficaciously and strongly in another civilization, an person has to larn the basic or general behavior rules that is accepted by the society with regard within that type of civilization.Developing Cross-cultural Management Skills: Experiential Learning in anBy and large, there are two major types of preparation plans that are used by administration in order to give preparation to their possible employees to larn some new techniques and schemes and applies the already learnt techniques for smooth and proper operation in a different state. The first type is civilization general and other type is civilization particular. Both types of preparation plans have distinguishable characteristics and features. ( fiedler et al. , 1971 ) designed and illustrated the oldest, civilization specific attack which involves forced pick replies of people from one civilization who are being received preparation in regard of other civ ilization. The purpose of civilization specific preparation plan is to give general information sing new civilization to employees so that before really traveling to a different state, they enable to make some readying to cover with transverse cultural issues. This type of developing attack is preferred when an person is frequently traveling to one peculiar state. On the other manus, as administration starts working hard to go a planetary participant to gain more money, so the focal point of the administrations begin switching towards civilization general preparation plan ( David, 1997 ) .Parameters of cultural differences:In the yesteryear, batch of research workers and anthropologists have been tried to specify civilization and the distinguish characteristic that constitutes civilization. The survey by Hofstede ( 1981, in Hofstede. 2001 ) explained the difference between civilizations on assorted parametric quantities viz. – Bolshevism vs. individuality, high power distance vs. low power distance, high uncertainness turning away vs. Low uncertainness turning away, maleness vs. feminism and long vs. short term ends. The elaborate description of above said parametric quantities is given below: Individualism vs. Bolshevism: It is the grade to which a homo is bound under social norms and values while doing any determination. In an individualistic civilization, people have been encouraged or supported to do their ain determinations to populate their life without confer withing their determinations with others. On the other manus, people in collectivized civilization have been encouraged to do determinations in groups and ever back up squad work. High power distance vs. Low power distance: it is the grade to which the power of doing determinations has been allocated in the society. By and large, people with high power distance ever give importance to hierarchy in doing critical determinations while people with low power distance give authorization to every person to take portion in determination devising without following hierarchal order. Masculinity vs. Feminism: it is the extent to which a society allows the person to take portion in working civilization on the footing of gender. In a masculine civilization, work forces considered to be working harder than adult females while in a feministic civilization, adult females are besides given equal chance as compared to work forces to populate their life. High uncertainness turning away vs. Low uncertainness turning away: it is the grade to which an person is encouraged to work in a challenging or unpredictable environment. In high uncertainness turning away, people prefer to work under rigorous regulations and officially structured ways of making work. While in low uncertainness turning away, people prefer to work freely and like to invent new ways of making things and disputing the past ways. Long vs. Short term ends: it is the grade to which a civilization given importance to timeframe to larn something new. Peoples with long term ends, characterised by forbearance, emotional stableness and anxiousness and they prefer working in such a manner that they will be able to present a better hereafter. On the other manus, people with short term ends ever focus their attending to do their present better than yesteryear without sing the impacts of their determinations on hereafter.Advantages of transverse cultural preparation:To increase the cognition and experience of employees to heighten their apprehension to seeing the universe from wider position. To maximise the cultural sensitiveness. To larn how to avoid misinterpretations based on cultural differences. To larn how to pass on verbally and nonverbally with co-workers in other civilizations. To increase the flexibleness of the employees to set in different civilization. Hence cross-cultural preparation can be seen as a tool for bettering the corporate civilization and patterns by invariably larning through initiation of foreign subjects in the organisations. Further the cross-cultural preparation will assist to cut down the psychological emphasis and cultural daze which frequently lead to failure of exiles.
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